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Advanced Technology Products, ATP, banking crisis, China, election 2024, exports, Federal Reserve, imports, inflation, Made in Washington trade deficit, manufacturing, monetary policy, non-oil goods trade, stimulus, Trade, Trade Deficits, {What's Left of) Our Economy
Yesterday’s official report on U.S. trade flows (for February) almost eerily resembled its January predecessor. Change generally was modest in the broadest categories of trade balances, exports, and imports tracked by the U.S. Census Bureau. But numerous developments in the narrower categories were more dramatic, including a new record (in services trade), and some monthly results that haven’t been seen since the peak of the CCP Virus in early spring, 2020.
And another key way in which the February data resemble January’s: They appear to support the case that the U.S. trade deficit is on an upward path again – and this despite mounting signs that economic growth is slowing (which all else equal should reduce the shortfall).
The services best came on the export side, with these overseas sales rising from an upwardly revised $80.31 billion to an all-time high of $81.97 billion. This total surpassed the old mark of $81.32 billion (set in December) by 0.81 percent. And the sequential rate of increase (2.08 percent) was the fastest since last April’s 3.31 percent jump.
More broadly, the total trade deficit rose in February for the third straight month. But the increase – from an upwardly revised $68.66 billion to $70.54 billion – was an unexceptional 2.46 percent. At the same time, the figure was the highest since last October’s $77.16 billion.
The trade gap in goods widened, too, by three percent, from an upwardly revised $90.27 billion to $92.98 billion. This total was also the biggest since October ($98.62 billion).
A much better performance was turned in by services trade. Its longstanding surplus was up 3.86 percent sequentially in February, from a downwardly revised $21.61 billion to $22.44 billion.
Combined goods and services exports retreated from January’s upgraded $258.01 billion (the best such result since September’s $259.14 billion) to $251.15 billion. The decline was the fifth in the last six months and its 2.66 percent pace was the fastest since the 20.20 percent nosedive back in April, 2020 – well into the deep depression triggered by the devastating first wave of the CCP Virus.
Goods exports sank in February, too – also for the fifth time in the last six months, from a downwardly revised $177.70 billion to $169.18 billion. And the 4.80 percent sequential tumble was also the worst since pandemic-dominated April, 2020 – when they plummeted by 25.25 percent.
Total U.S. imports dipped by 1.53 percent on month in February, from an upwardly revised $3.26.67 billion to $321.69 billion. The decrease was the first since last November and the biggest since that month’s 6.34 percent.
The same story held for goods imports, which slipped by 2.17 percent month-to-month in February, from an upwardly revised $267.97 billion to $262.15 billion. This decline was also the first and biggest since last November (when they plunged by 7.38 percent.
Services imports not only grew by 1.42 percent sequentially in February, by $58.70 billion to $59.33 billion. They also were up from a January level that was revised up by a hefty 1.37 percent. The February number was just shy of the record $59.55 billion set last September.
The non-oil goods deficit inched just 0.29 percent in February, from $91.85 billion to $92.13 billion. It’s always worth following both because
>as known by RealityChek regulars, it can be considered the Made in Washington trade deficit, since non-oil goods are the trade flows most heavily influenced by U.S. trade agreements and other trade policy decision; and
>because it’s the closest global proxy for U.S.-China goods trade. As a result, comparing trends in the two can indicate the effectiveness of the Trump-Biden China tariffs, which cover hundreds of billions of dollars worth of Chinese products aimed at the U.S. market.
So in this vein, it’s more than a little interesting that the chronic and enormous American goods shortfall with the People’s Republic plummeted by fully 24.28 percent on month in February, from $25.16 billion to $19.00 billion. This new level is the lowest since pandemic-y March, 2020’s $11.71 billion, and the monthly decrease the fastest since last November’s 26.23 percent.
In February, U.S. goods exports to China fell for the fourth straight month – by 11.26 percent, from $13.09 billion to $11.62 billion. And that total is the worst since last April’s $11.20 billion.
The February fall-off in U.S. goods imports from China was the first in three months. Moreover, the 19.95 percent drop, from $38.25 billion to $30.62 billion, was the biggest since the 31.48 percent recorded in February, 2020, which was the peak of China’s (and the world’s) first covid wave.
Another big – and encouraging – move was made by U.S. manufacturing. It’s also chronic and huge trade gap narrowed for the third time in the last four months, from $116.83 billion to $100.05 billion. The 14.36 percent sequential fall-off was the biggest since the 23.09 percent in that peak-China covid February, 2020, and the monthly total the smallest since February, 2021’s $89.29 billion.
Manufacturing exports were down by 4.36 percent, from $105.71 billion to $102.52 billion. That figure is the weakest since last February’s $94.55 billion.
The February manufacturing imports decrease was nearly twice as fast – 9.69 percent, from $219.36 billion to a $198.10 billion level that’s the lowest since April, 2021’s $198.06 billion.
Consistent with the China and especially manufacturing results, the trade deficit in advanced technology products (ATP) saw its fourth straight contraction in February, too – specifically by 0.73 percent, from $16.35 billion to $16.23 billion. That total is the lowest since last February’s $13.42 billion.
ATP exports retreated for the second straight month – by 9.20 percent, from $32.07 billion to $29.12 billion. The decrease was the biggest since November’s ten percent, and brought these foreign sales to their lowest level since last February’s $29.02 billion.
Another four-month decline streak was registered by ATP imports, which dropped from $48.42 billion to $45.35 billion. This total was also the lowest since last February’s $42.44 billion, indicating that ATP trade is partly shaped by seasonal influences.
The February bilateral trade figures for some major U.S. trade partners reminded again of how volatile these flows can be (partly because of small absolute numbers of course).
America’s goods trade surplus with the United Kingdom (UK), for example, cratered by 68.40 percent on month, from $2.74 billion to $870 million. This total was the worst (for the United States) since the UK ran a $140 million surplus last June. The percentage change was the biggest since then, too.
But this nosedive followed the U.S. surplus’ 80.47 percent increase to that January $2.74 billion total that was a new all-time best, eclipsing the old mark of $1.87 billion from immediately pre-pandemic-y February, 2020 by 47.40 percent.
The U.S. goods deficit with France, however, fell by 57.86 percent on month in February, from $1.17 billion to $490 million. This shortfall was the smallest since last September’s $470 million, and the decrease was the bigest since last May’s 66.09 percent.
The U.S. surplus with the Netherlands sank by 42.46 percent, from $3.20 billion to $1.84 billion. This figure was the lowest since January, 2022’s $1.79 billion and the biggest decrease since last November’s 42.86 percent.
The trade gap with Thailand was down 35.68 percent sequentially, from $3.74 billion to $2.40 billion. This February number is the lowest monthly level since February, 2021’s $2.23 billion, and the fall-off the greatest since the 40.60 percent in November, 2006 – when bilateral trade was much more meager.
Finally, the longstanding U.S. goods gap with India narrowed by 33.61 percent, from $4.99 to $3.31 billion. This total was the lowest only since December’s $2.41 billion. But the decline was the biggest since February, 2021’s 34.09 percent. And it followed a more than doubling (106.51 percent) of the shortfall in January that was the biggest since January, 2019’s 224.17 percent.
Just as the overall February U.S. trade results closely tracked those of January, the deficit outlook does, too. That’s largely because the developments pointing to more American import-attracting spending (like politicans’ temptation to stimulate the economy as a new presidential election approaches and what I’m increasingly convinced is a determination by the Federal Reserve to back off its recession-threatening inflation fight) look stronger than those signaling less of that spending (like an economic weakening that looks likelier principally because of the lagged effect of the monetary tightening already begun by the Fed, and because a credit crunch will likely emerge due to the recent banking jitters).
Add in ongoing and possibly greater weakening of the global economy – which will undermine U.S. exports – and it’s easy to see why higher U.S. trade deficits seem in the offing.